who formed the earth and made it:
I am the Lord, and there is no other.
I am the Lord, and there is no other.
Isaiah 45:18
"The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded to Benjamin List and David MacMillan for their discovery of organic catalysts
that can more easily separate chiral molecules (Phys.org, New Scientist).
"The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded to Benjamin List and David MacMillan for their discovery of organic catalysts
that can more easily separate chiral molecules (Phys.org, New Scientist).
Chirality refers to the “handedness” of many organic molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Amino acids, for instance, come in so-called left-handed (L for levo) and right-handed (D for dextro) forms. In every way except geometry, these isomers are thermodynamically identical.
All life, with few exceptions, has a uniform preference for left-handed amino acids and right-handed sugars. This asymmetry has long been a great mystery; how did it arise, and how is it maintained? Adding to that mystery is another one, mentioned in Nature‘s write-up on the Nobel award:
The asymmetry in life functionally important.
"In a range of phenomena and at vastly different scales, nature often seems to prefer one handedness over another, Felser adds. This is reflected in the fact that matter predominates over antimatter in the Universe, and that life uses left-handed amino acids and right-handed sugars."
The asymmetry in life functionally important.
--Without uniform L-amino acids, proteins would be unable to fold and function. Living cells have quality control systems to ensure that no wrong-handed building blocks get into the molecules needed for life. Another article on Phys.org says that the health disaster of birth defects from the use of thalidomide came about because the drug was a mixture of both hands; “it turned out that while one was effective, its mirror image counterpart was toxic.”
In a vastly different but related sense, the matter vs antimatter asymmetry is functionally important. Equal amounts of both would lead to collisions that would annihilate all matter in random bursts of deadly energy. If no matter, then no stars, no planets, no life.
The importance of molecular asymmetry is well established, but its origin is a mystery to believers in chemical evolution.
In a vastly different but related sense, the matter vs antimatter asymmetry is functionally important. Equal amounts of both would lead to collisions that would annihilate all matter in random bursts of deadly energy. If no matter, then no stars, no planets, no life.
The importance of molecular asymmetry is well established, but its origin is a mystery to believers in chemical evolution.
Life needs single-handed building blocks, but unguided nature could not have provided them.
--Any naturally-produced building blocks would have been 50/50 blends of both hands, or racemic mixtures. Even if one could imagine a pure one-handed starting pool, they would racemize over time.
Before a working cell could ever form with the quality control to
build uniformly-handed proteins, only mixed-handed polymers would be able to form in a chemical soup. Such a time before life, furthermore, would be unable to conjure up a success with natural selection, given that natural selection—if it even worked—requires accurate replication. That, in turn, requires a genetic code with quality control, proteins and enzymes, and a sophisticated membrane to hold everything together.
Before a working cell could ever form with the quality control to
--It is unthinkable to imagine all these requirements being met by chance when even one small protein defies the probabilistic odds by many, many orders of magnitude."
CEH
