Types of DISHONESTY in Scientific Journals

Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter. Isaiah 56:11

"The headline in New Scientist was striking and specific: “Over 90 Percent of Scientists Admit to Questionable Research Behaviors.”
The ‘shades of grey’ in research integrity—Researchers admit to questionable research practices that they do not perceive to be serious (Entradas, M., et al., PLoS One 21(1):e0339056, 12 January 2026).

One question of special interest to creationists was listed as number

one in the survey, namely “I failed to cite publications that contradict my beliefs.” In other words, an ethical researcher should ensure that he or she cites articles that challenge his beliefs or conclusions.
Likewise, question number two in the survey asked: “I did not conduct a thorough literature review.” This is a serious lapse in scientific practice. Conducting a thorough literature review on the topic of your research is critical in any area of research.

For question number one, 7 percent admitted they sometimes or frequently engaged in this unethical practice, 24 percent admitted doing so occasionally. For question number two, while 17 percent admitted they sometimes or frequently failed to conduct a thorough review, almost half admitted doing so occasionally.

Here is how an AI engine explained evolutionists’ rationalizations for ignoring creationist research:

"The scientific peer-review process is designed to scrutinize all new ideas. Because evolution is the fundamental framework of modern biology, findings that challenge it are subjected to higher levels of scrutiny. While some studies suggest an unfair “taboo” against anti-evolutionary views, others highlight that the vast majority of findings that challenge evolution fail to provide a robust scientific alternative or fail to hold up to scrutiny."

“Robust” is a flowery term that is often used in this context, yet it is vague and imprecise. For example, certain biological structures are frequently labeled as vestigial. However, in my own review of the peer-reviewed literature, I found documented functions for each structure I examined, illustrating the claim in this quote is false. I have observed similar issues in other commonly cited lines of evidence for evolution, including interpretations of the fossil record.

Another major concern identified in the survey was the statement “I chose not to report my findings if they contradicted my theory.” If research findings do not support evolution, it is likely they will not be published.

This problem has plagued science for much of its history. The inventor of the mechanical computer, Charles Babbage (1791–1871), in his work ‘Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of its Causes’ (1830), described four types of scientific dishonesty that remain relevant today: 

hoaxing (promoting false claims), 

forging (altering data), 

trimming (ignoring contradictory evidence), 

and cooking the data. (fabricating results).

One form of “fraud” not explicitly addressed in the survey, but is highly relevant to evolutionary claims, is the use of misleading implications. 

Human evolution is one prime example. 

In a major work, it is clearly described as fact and presented with great detail in an 8.5 x 11 inch 506 -page book titled The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. This book, on page 206, includes a chart depicting primate evolution which includes 11 question marks, indicating significant guesswork and uncertainty in the proposed phylogenetic relationships.

Other blunders are evident in this tome. For human phylogeny, Australopiths (specifically Lucy) were listed as the bridge to humans from our common ape ancestor. Now that Lucy has been carefully documented to be a type of ape, and not a bridge between humans and our common ancestor, the results are clear: No evidence exists supporting human evolution from apes. The book making that claim illustrated in this chart the fact that ape-to-human evolution is not supported by the fossil evidence. Although the evidence for Lucy as an ape is now overwhelming, the claims for a transitional form were problematic from its first discovery.

The use of questionable methods to support evolutionary claims is a common recurring issue within the scientific literature on origins. The Entradas study is one example of the evidence of flawed research that appears to be distorted both to sell Darwinism to a naïve public and to reinforce belief in the evolutionary paradigm." 

CEH

Arguments for the existence of the soul

And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 
Genesis 2:7

Behold, all souls are mine; ... the soul that sinneth, it shall die. 
Ezekiel 18:4
"Powerful arguments for the existence of the soul.
These include basic awareness of the self, unity of consciousness and the soul, free will, and sameness of the self over time.

“The soul is an immaterial or spiritual substance that is

characterized by and unifies mental properties or states and that animates or enlivens its body;---the view that the ‘I’ or self is an immaterial or spiritual substance with the attributes of consciousness and which is not identical to anything physical, including one’s body or any of its parts (e.g., its brain).”

Jonathan Loose argues that explaining consciousness and the self by denying they exist, as materialism does, “seems as obviously false as any position could be”. 

In order to esteem the ‘life scientific’ (i.e., scientific activity and reasoning), materialism should be rejected, according to Loose, since it renders reasoning and observations unjustified, and the accomplishments and aspirations of scientists incoherent." 

CMI

Meteorological Evidence for God

For He maketh small the drops of water: they pour down rain according to the vapor thereof: Which the clouds do drop and distil upon man abundantly. Job 36:27-28

"For meteorological forecasts to be even possible, it presupposes that certain precise conditions exist that govern the fluid mechanics of earth’s atmosphere and oceans. Among these conditions include:

Uniform Physical Laws: For meteorological predictability to be possible, one must assume that the laws of physics (thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, radiation transfer) apply consistently everywhere. Without this, equations used to model weather would not hold

universally.

Predictable Energy Transfer: Meteorological forecasts also rely on the assumption that solar radiation, conduction, convection, and latent heat follow consistent rules. It is based on these assumptions that forecasts of temperature changes, storm development, and climate patterns may yield accurate results.

Stable Reference Frames: Meteorological predication also relies on the stability of earth’s rotation, gravity, and atmospheric composition to enable modeling.

Statistical Regularity: Meteorologists also assume that while weather is chaotic, it exhibits patterns that can be captured through probability and statistics.

The existence of such orderly conditions directly challenges any framework of origins that presuppose randomness and chaos. 

Q: In a world without God, how would physical laws arise without a Mind that codes and sustains processes throughout millennia? 

In a framework without God, there would be no guarantee of uniform laws, as Physics might vary unpredictably across space and time, making equations meaningless. 

*If earth’s gravity, rotation or atmospheric composition fluctuated randomly, predictability would be destroyed and statistical models would be rendered useless." 

CEH

Abscission Zone

 "In Autumn, deciduous trees don’t lose their leaves—they loose them.
It is the final step in a highly ordered and carefully controlled

process initiated in preparation for a resting period (winter)
in above-ground portions of the tree.

The place where the leaf separates (abscises) from the tree is typically located at the base of the leaf stalk (petiole). It is called the abscission zone (AZ). The AZ is no random fracture point but is actually built-in, “pre-positioned” during leaf formation. As a publication from the University of Georgia (USA) puts it: “Leaves are designed to be disposable.”

With the post-summer hint of coolness in the air, before the onset of wintry weather, trees initiate a “senescence sequence” to systematically retrieve the re-usable resources from the leaves. As this process begins, and the green chlorophyll pigment and other parts of the light-harvesting (photosynthetic) complex are dismantled, the leaf changes color.

First, the formerly hidden carotenoid pigments (e.g., yellow xanthophylls and orange beta-carotene) are now revealed, turning the leaves an orange-yellow hue, as the normally-dominant green chlorophyll fades.

Then, when about half the chlorophyll has been degraded, and as the level of phosphate in the leaf drops, the production of anthocyanin pigments increases. Anthocyanins tint autumn leaves red-purple, and blend with the carotenoids to create the breathtakingly beautiful deeper orange and fiery red coloration that tourists travel long distances to see and photograph.

The valuable materials that the tree extracts from the leaves before leaf drop are stored during winter in the tree’s roots, trunk, and branches until next spring when they are ‘recycled’ to re-leaf the tree. This has to be done during the milder weather of autumn, because there can be no retrieval from leaves after ‘Jack Frost’ arrives.

With the pulling back of resources from the leaf now completed, the abscission zone becomes a hotbed of activity, in three locations:

a cell wall degradation area;

a shear force generation area; 

and a tree protection zone.

All of these must be in place for successful leaf shedding and effective tree survival.
With the abscission process triggered by a raft of chemical signals (including, it is believed, ethylene produced by the internally-gutted leaf), AZ cells start to secrete enzymes. 

These dissolve the ‘glue’ that holds cells together and degrade the primary wall between cells. The surrounding AZ cells actively produce the necessary abscission materials throughout; i.e., they remain alive and active until abscission is completed.

While the AZ can be 5–40 cells wide, within that zone only a band 1–3 cells wide will disconnect from each other to form the fracture line. 

The weakening of the walls of those cells, coupled with increasing internal water pressure inside the cells, causes the cells to swell. This expansion generates tremendous shear forces, i.e., pushing and pulling on surrounding weakened cell walls, mechanically opening up fracture lines between cell walls. 

Wind tugging on the leaves helps these fracture lines to grow, as do gravity, precipitation and animal interference.

While there is still much to learn about abscission, we can see that leaf fall doesn’t just happen, but rather is a carefully coordinated series of complex chemical processes—which would be controlled by the plant’s genes.

Researchers have now mapped out a genetic pathway, or ‘signaling cascade’, behind abscission in the common laboratory plant Arabidopsis (water cress). They have identified that there is a key network of genes that code for proteins in a sequential manner. Each step of the cumulative processes that make up the cascade is dependent on the one before it.

This presents a challenge to the evolutionary paradigm—because if just one of these steps in the signaling cascade is absent, the abscission process doesn’t work. 

Q: In addition, how did evolution produce genes that code for

enzymes that can digest themselves?

All-or-nothing genetic cascades don’t fit the claimed step-by-step evolution story, but rather fit with the Bible’s account that plants were designed by a super-intelligent creator—God.

He designed them to fit the seasons He made too (While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. Genesis 8:22). Autumn, and its colorful cascade of leaves, are no accident!" 

CMI

Oxygen's Role

"Oxygen gives cells energy. that certain Asgard archaea contain genes linked to oxygen use and suggests this helps explain how complex cells evolved over long ages. 
The study examined hundreds of Asgard archaeal genomes. Researchers found genes connected to electron transport chains, heme production, and enzymes that process oxygen. A University of Texas press release said, “oxygen may have played a crucial role in the emergence of complex life.” This claim assumes that once oxygen use appeared, more complex cells could develop step by step.

But oxygen can also harm cells. 

Any organism that uses oxygen must both harness the power and protect itself against being damaged. A recent paper in Nature reports

The key issue is not whether these microbes have oxygen-related genes—they do. The real question is whether those genes prove evolution or instead show careful biological design.

The electron transport chain is a coordinated set of protein systems in cell membranes that move electrons to power life and manage oxygen safely

But oxygen metabolism is not a simple trait. It requires many parts to work together. 

--Electron transport chains are made of several protein complexes. 

--These proteins sit in cell membranes and pass electrons in order to make energy. 

--If even one major step fails, energy production stops. At the same time, oxygen creates harmful byproducts. 

--Cells must use enzymes like superoxide dismutase to prevent damage. Without these protective systems, oxygen destroys key molecules.

--This shows coordinated design. --

Energy production and damage control must operate at the same time. 

From an engineering point of view, this looks like an integrated system, not a loose collection of parts. 

That raises an important question: 

Q: Do observed changes in microbes actually build such systems, or do they only modify what already exists?

A: Research on microbial change supports the latter. Most observed microbial adaptations involve modifying or reducing existing functions rather than building new complex systems from scratch. The Asgard study documents genetic capability, but it does not demonstrate one kind of cell turning into another. Instead, it shows microbes already equipped with complex energy systems.

Conventional scientists interpret shared genes between Asgard archaea and complex cells as proof of common ancestry. Yet similar genes can also reflect shared function. Systems that move electrons must follow the same chemical rules (which limit design options). Similar structures may appear because they work well, not because one organism became another. To evaluate that possibility, we must distinguish between biological flexibility and structural limits.

Microbes show flexibility by adjusting to different environments. They can turn genes on or off. That variation fits within created kinds. But the basic structure of energy production remains stable. Studies of mitochondrial systems describe coordinated energy networks that resemble engineered power grids, highlighting integrated design rather than piecemeal construction. The Asgard genomes show the same kind of organized framework.

This study adds useful data about microbial diversity and expands what we know about oxygen use in archaea. It directly shows complex and ordered bioenergetic machinery. Scripture reminds us, “For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth” (Colossians 1:16). When we observe systems that require many parts working together, we see structured function.

The oxygen-handling systems in Asgard archaea are detailed and coordinated. Such integrated systems do not arise from partial, disconnected steps. They reflect purposeful biological design. When examined through an engineering lens, the evidence points clearly to intentional workmanship rather than gradual evolutionary construction." 

ICR

EXO-PLANETS: Cotton Candy Planet (Kepler-51d)

Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God... Hebrews 11:3

MORE of the DIVERSITY of the Planets......points to DESIGN:

"A bizarre, ultra-light planet is cloaked in such a thick haze that even JWST can’t reveal its composition. Its unusual size and orbit are forcing scientists to rethink how planets form.

A newly published study suggests that a dense haze surrounding the

ultra-low-density planet Kepler-51d may be concealing both its composition and how it formed. Researchers led by Penn State used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to investigate this unusual “super-puff” planet, which already challenges standard models of planetary formation. What they found added to the mystery. The haze enveloping the planet appears to be the thickest ever observed, making it extremely difficult to detect the chemical signatures in its atmosphere.

Kepler-51 is a star about 2,615 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It hosts four known planets, at least three of which are classified as super-puffs. These worlds are roughly the size of Saturn but contain only a few times the mass of Earth. Among them, Kepler-51d is both the coolest and the least dense.

“We think the three inner planets orbiting Kepler-51 have tiny cores and huge atmospheres giving them a density akin to cotton candy,” said Jessical Libby-Roberts. “These ultra-low-density super-puff planets are rare, and they defy conventional understanding of how gas giants form. And if explaining how one formed wasn’t difficult enough, this system has three!”

“It seems very similar to the haze we see on Saturn’s largest moon Titan, which has hydrocarbons like methane, but at a much larger scale. Kepler-51d seems to have a huge amount of haze — almost the radius of Earth — which would be one of the largest we’ve seen on a planet yet.” 

SciTechDaily

URANUS: Declares the Glory of God

"The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has once again expanded our horizons, this time by mapping Uranus’s upper atmosphere in three dimensions. An intriguing article in Geophysical Research Letters reveals the latest JWST atmospheric measurements, highlighting glowing auroral bands, unexpected dark regions, and the peculiar influence of Uranus’s wildly tilted magnetic field.

Uranus’s Peculiar Orientation and Magnetic Field
Unlike most planets, Uranus rotates on its side, with an axial tilt of about 98 degrees. This unusual orientation means its magnetic field is not only tilted but also offset from the planet’s center.

JWST’s observations revealed that 

--this lopsided magnetosphere directly influences auroral bands observed around Uranus, 

--as well as regions of reduced emissions that defy simple explanations. 

--Temperature estimates also defy previous measurements, as the planet’s upper atmosphere continues to cool, with temperatures averaging around 426 K, lower than previously measured.

Giving details on these observations and its similarities to other Jovian (fluid-dominated) planets such as Jupiter, the research team mentioned:

“We identify two bright emission regions at 50–110°W and 220–290°W, near the auroral regions. A distinct emission and density depletion occurs between 190–240°W, possibly reflecting magnetic topology influences, analogous to ionospheric dark regions at Jupiter” (Tiranti et al., 2026).

The depletion between 190–240°W suggests that Uranus’s magnetic field lines are arranged in a way that limits the precipitation of charged particles into the atmosphere in that region. Importantly, rather than being simply misaligned, this suggests that Uranus’s magnetic field is actively shaping atmospheric and ionospheric activity into structured, non-random patterns.

More Conundrums for Consensus
Within the broader cosmological framework, often referred to as the Big Bang model, the universe is understood to have originated from an initial high-density state and to have expanded and cooled over billions of years. Planetary systems are then thought to form through accretion processes, in which dust and gas gradually coalesce into larger bodies.
However, certain features of Uranus,

--including its unusual axial tilt,

--complex magnetic topology,

--and structured ionospheric behavior,

present challenges to this framework: Tilted Axis Problem: From a purely naturalistic standpoint, as reported by NASA Space News
(2024), Uranus’s extreme axial tilt is often attributed to one or more massive collision early in its history. In this scenario, a large impactor struck the proto-Uranus, reorienting its rotation axis while allowing the planet to remain gravitationally bound to the Sun.
*However, this hypothesis raises unresolved questions. An impact energetic enough to tilt Uranus by approximately 98 degrees would presumably have had significant dynamical consequences, potentially affecting 

--its internal structure, 

--satellite system, 

--and long-term orbital stability. 

*Yet Uranus today follows a remarkably stable orbit and maintains

an organized system of moons and rings. 

Additionally, its magnetosphere, though unusually offset and tilted relative to its rotational axis, remains coherent and functional. While the configuration of Uranus’s moons and rings is often interpreted as consistent with a past collision and subsequent re-accretion, comparative studies note differences between Uranus and neighboring Neptune that are not easily reconciled within a single explanatory framework.

More Evidence for A Young Universe?
The cooling of Uranus’s atmosphere is particularly intriguing when considered in light of a young solar system model. 

If Uranus were billions of years old, its atmosphere should have reached thermal equilibrium long ago. 

*The continued cooling may therefore suggest a shorter timescale, consistent with a universe measured in thousands rather than billions of years.

The study itself acknowledges the mystery of the temperature anomalies:

“Uranus remains part of the broader ‘giant planet energy crisis,’ where the upper atmosphere is observed to be much hotter than expected based on solar input” (Tiranti et al., 2026).

Such unexplained heating and cooling trends point to gaps in conventional cosmology, but they also resonate with the idea of a universe 

--still young, 

--dynamic, 

--and intentionally ordered.

Uranus Declares the Glory of God
The James Webb Space Telescope’s mapping of Uranus’s upper

atmosphere has unveiled a planet of profound mystery. Its tilted axis, offset magnetosphere, and cooling atmosphere challenge conventional cosmology. 

From the perspective of a young universe, these features make sense as part of a system that is still dynamic and fresh. From the perspective of design, they reveal purpose in what might otherwise be dismissed as anomaly.

Psalm 19:1 reminds us: “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of His hands.” 

Uranus’s tilted axis and warped magnetosphere, far from being meaningless oddities, can be seen as part of a grand design that points to intentionality in creation.
Uranus’ unique properties stand as a testament to the intricacy of creation and remind us that the cosmos is not merely the product of chance but the handiwork of a Creator who delights in complexity and order.
As we gaze upon Uranus through the lens of JWST, we are reminded that science and faith need not be at odds. 

Instead, they can converge in wonder at the mysteries of the universe, mysteries that ultimately declare the glory of God." 

CEH

Life: to display Ultimate Engineering

Even every one that is called by My name: 

for I have created him for My glory, 

I have formed him; yea, 

I have made him.
Isaiah 43:7

"The only explanation for why life is so optimally designed is that a mind deliberately designed life to display ultimate engineering."
Brian Miller

90,000 miles of wiring

I will praise Thee;

for I am fearfully and wonderfully made:

Psalm 139:14

"The superiority of the human brain to our technology is even more striking. Burgess quotes neurologists Peter Sterling and Simon Laughlin asking, “How can the brain be far smarter than a supercomputer yet consume 100,000-fold less space and energy?” Burgess then compares the intricate neural wiring to that of our most advanced technology:
"It is impossible to comprehend the level of wiring detail. But to give some idea of its complexity, consider that a Boeing 747 jet has

around 250 miles of wiring. That is a lot of wiring, but it’s dwarfed by the wiring in the human body, which has some 90,000 miles of wiring. Laid out end to end, that would stretch more than three times around the earth…. The nervous system’s 90,000 miles of wiring must be precisely integrated with all the other sub-systems of the body. One of the most common nerve pathways involves the motor nerves that travel from the brain to the many thousands of motor units in the body. As noted previously, the total number of motor units in a human body may exceed 100,000." 

Brian Miller