Tuff stuff at the Morrison Formation

"At Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, a confused tangle of bones juts from a ridge of sandstone, chock-full of dinosaur fossils. The sandstone is part of the Morrison Formation, a body of sedimentary rock extending from New Mexico to Saskatchewan in the north and covering more than 400,000 square miles of the western U.S. and Canada. 

Eleven different species of dinosaur have been dug from the quarry at Dinosaur National Monument, including one of the largest and most complete skeletons of a giant Apatosaurus ever found.

The dinosaur bones are concentrated in an extensive lens-shaped bed

of rock and are an outstanding example of a ‘mass burial’ deposit.
Having abandoned a peaceful interpretation for Dinosaur National Monument, yet committed to rejecting the historical Flood recorded in the Bible, uniformitarian geologists stayed true to their worldview and retained an interpretation that needed millions of years of slow deposition. 

*They now say that the dinosaurs were overwhelmed and buried by a series of floods. Not by the global Flood of Noah, but by much smaller local floods separated by long time periods. 

*They believe that every time an area flooded, the dinosaur remains were deposited in the same location, slowly building up the sizable collection. 

*Alternatively, some scientists speculate that the fossils represent the cumulative result of many droughts as the dinosaurs congregated and died around ever-diminishing waterholes. But this scenario also requires flooding to try to explain the subsequent burial.

However, a notable feature of the water-worked sandstone in which the dinosaur bones are entombed complicates the picture for uniformitarians—these rocks contain abundant grains of a rock called ‘tuff’. Tuff forms from the solidification of hot ash ejected from volcanoes. This, and layers of volcanic ash elsewhere in the formation, indicate that an explosive volcanic eruption occurred at
much the same time as all the dinosaur remains were buried by flooding. No volcano is known in the vicinity of the deposit, and geologists have placed the nearest source for the tuff to vents in southern California or Nevada. Ash clouds depositing over such considerable distances point to an extremely catastrophic volcanic event.

Also, if millions of years had indeed gone by as the uniformitarians assert, the geomorphology or ‘shape’ of the land surface would have changed in all that time. We know that rivers can alter their position and shape over the centuries, as their banks are eroded and sediment is deposited. 

***For the multiple-flood/multiple-drought scenarios to be true it

would mean that the drainage pattern over a very wide area would remain unchanged over eons of time, such that animal remains were accumulated in exactly the same location over and over again. This is unlikely.

--Added to this, the fact that fossilization occurred at all indicates that the animals were quickly and deeply buried in sediment infused with mineral-rich fluids, either during death or not long afterwards. 

--The bodies of dinosaurs that had drowned in localized floods would be scavenged and rot, bones and all, long before a sufficient thickness of sediment had covered them. 

--After all, we do not today find the accumulated bones of herd animals such as cattle slowly fossilizing under the mud of river banks and floodplains emplaced by local floods. We do not even find small animals fossilizing. Fossilization today is a rare event, requiring special conditions.

The evidence gets even more problematic for uniformitarians. Some of the fossils at Dinosaur National Monument are found as nearly-complete skeletons, fully articulated, and still in the opisthotonic or ‘dead dinosaur’ posture. Others are found in a disarticulated (dismembered) state. The presence of near-perfect whole remains further detracts from the long-ages multiple-flood theory, as the chance of unfossilized dinosaur skeletons surviving in articulated condition over eons of time, while awaiting deep burial, is vanishingly small. Soft connective tissue joining bone to bone rapidly breaks down once rotting of the carcass begins.

The evidence indicates that the dinosaur remains were quickly and deeply entombed in sediments deposited by water. 

It is highly unlikely that either the multiple-flood or the multiple-drought interpretation would result in dinosaurs being fossilized in rock as we find them at Dinosaur National Monument. 

On the other hand, a global-scale flood, such as the Flood of Noah recorded in the book of Genesis, with its associated volcanic activity, is a likely candidate." CMI

There were giants in the earth in those days;

Genesis 6:4

...in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up,

and the windows of heaven were opened.

Genesis 7:11

18,000 Dinosaur Tracks in Bolivia

 And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; 

and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, 

were covered. Genesis 7:19

"A new discovery of 18,000 individual dinosaur tracks in the Bolivian El Molino Formation contains the highest number of theropod dinosaur tracks in the world. The tracks were spread over nine sites in an area encompassing nearly 1.5 football fields. Remarkably, the site also contains the highest number of dinosaur swim tracks ever reported.

Publishing in PLoS One, the joint science team from the United States and Bolivia wrote,

"The Carreras Pampa tracksite in the Torotoro National Park, Bolivia, records a wealth of dinosaur tracks, tail traces, and swim tracks. In this study, we report 1,321 track¬ways and 289 solitary tracks, totaling 16,600 theropod tracks, 280 swim trackways, totaling 1,378 swim tracks, and several trackways with tail traces. Numerous avian [bird] tracks occur locally and are associated with the theropod tracks."

In addition, the team documented the orientation of the trackways,

finding them to have traveled across the site in two primary directions. The swim tracks also followed one of these same directions but were formed on top of (later than) the walking trackways. The scientists wrote,

"The abundant swim tracks were made by the theropods, which nearly floated and swam while kicking the soft bottom with the tips of their toes. The presence of swim tracks impressed upon walking tracks indicates that the latter formed first, and the swim track producers swam later in the same area [and same direction]."

They continued:

"This stratigraphic relation indicates that the substrate preserved walking track impressions even while water levels rose enough for dinosaurs to swim. Swimming trackways and isolated, shallow swim tracks were created by individuals who paddled and scratched the substrate."

The science team also found that

"Theropod footprints with tail-drag traces are abundant and well preserved in the tracksite, appearing in trackways featuring shallow, deep, and very deep tracks. The tail traces suggest that dinosaurs exhibited some form of locomotive behavior in response to sinking into soft substrate, which resulted in their tails coming into contact with the surface."

The rock unit upon which the trackways are found was a rippled limestone bed containing an abundance of small ostracod shells and carbonate ooids and invertebrate burrows. Ooids are little BB-sized balls of limestone that accumulate and roll in shallow waves. And ostracods are tiny crustaceans about one sixteenth of an inch in length. They are commonly found in marine environments but also live in freshwater. The scientists also found fish teeth and shell fragments of bivalves in the same layer. Collectively, these features—the rippled limestone, ooids, and ostracods—are a dead ringer for a shallow ocean deposit.

At another site in the same rock layer, north of Torotoro, the

paleontologists reported finding “a variety of invertebrates, plants, and vertebrates, including dinosaurs, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, and terrestrial and marine ichthyofauna.” This mixture of terrestrial (dinosaurs) and marine fauna in the El Molino Formation continues to baffle conventional science. No wonder the uniformitarian paleontology team wrote, “No single paleoenvironmental interpretation explains the entire El Molino Formation [the unit that contains the trackways].”

Q: But why would dinosaurs and birds be “running, sauntering and even swimming” across a soft, fresh limestone bed that was likely flooded by a few feet of ocean water? And why so many in the same directions? 

Q: What were they heading for and/or moving away from? 

Q: And why did this happen just prior to the disappearance of all the dinosaurs in the rock record?

The global Flood provides the best answer to all of these questions. 

--And it offers an explanation for the walking first, then the swimming, and the tail dragging. 

--It also explains the terrestrial and marine mixing that is so common around the world.

The dinosaurs that made these tracks were doing their best to stay above the rising water and were likely heading toward a remnant of higher ground. That may be why so many of the tracks are heading in similar directions. To do so, they had to wade in shallow water on top of a fresh limey substrate, maybe in between tsunami waves. This respite was just long enough to leave their tracks. Then, as the next wave hit, creating the rippled surface and deepening the water, the dinosaurs were forced to swim. But they still kept heading in the same direction, toward what little high ground may have remained.
This explains the order of trackways, starting with walking, the sinking into the soft lime (creating tail marks), and then the outright swimming. It was for survival. But eventually, the floodwaters overcame all of these creatures, washing them away and entombing many of them elsewhere in other rock layers.

Deliberately ignoring the global Flood that occurred about 4,500 years ago leads to great confusion and fictional stories. Believing in the truth of God’s Word resolves many apparent mysteries and leads to clarity." 

ICR

A Very Strong Wind (yes it was)

The "Carboniferous period" is known as the Flood period to Christians... and yes- it was a "very strong wind".... the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened. Genesis 7:11

"The fossil trackway covers a boulder that rests along the Bright Angel Trail in Grand Canyon National Park.
The two blocks display part and counterpart surfaces containing a conspicuous vertebrate trackway consisting of 28 tracks, preserved as impressions on one block and natural casts on the opposing block.

The trackway extends about 3.3 feet across the width of the fallen blocks.

The Bright Angel Trail trackway dates to the Carboniferous period when one massive supercontinent called Pangaea dominated the world, and is unusual for several reasons.
“It’s the oldest trackway ever discovered in the Grand Canyon in an interval of rocks that nobody thought would have trackways in it, and they’re among the earliest reptile tracks on Earth.”

Professor Rowland said.

“My first impression was that it looked very bizarre because of the sideways motion,” he added.
“It appeared that two animals were walking side-by-side. But you wouldn’t expect two lizard-like animals to be walking side-by-side. It didn’t make any sense.”
“One reason I’ve proposed is that the animal was walking in a very strong wind, and the wind was blowing it sideways.”
Sci-News

Polar Dinosaurs

 And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights.

Genesis 7:12

"Polar dinosaurs refer to dinosaur fossils found within the polar

latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, polar latitudes would also include southeast Australia, New Zealand, and the Chatham Islands where dinosaur fossils have been found. existence of polar dinosaurs has raised at least four conundrums for the evolutionary paradigm. 

For instance, climate models indicate the polar latitudes would have been very cold during the Cretaceous winter, while the paleoflora and paleofauna indicate temperatures had to have been above freezing all year around:

“Paleobotanical evidence clearly indicates that during much of the Cretaceous northern polar temperatures on lands surrounding the Arctic Ocean were above freezing during the polar night. … Evidence for very warm Arctic Ocean waters (15 to 20°C) has been presented by Jenkyns et al. (2004). Proxy data indicating ocean temperatures of 30°C at 60°S latitude (Bice et al., 2003) supports the idea of warm poles during much of the Cretaceous.”

Hay believes that lower topography, higher ocean levels, and greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, would have maintained above-freezing winter temperatures. 

He also erroneously thinks that, considering the average lapse rate of the atmosphere of 6°C/km, the lower topography would have resulted in warm polar night temperatures. Even if this lapse rate could be applied, it would not have warmed the Arctic much because the air was so cold to begin with. 

As far as lower topography is concerned, the continental areas of North America and Eurasia are relatively low anyway. Besides, the polar night causes a temperature inversion to which the average atmospheric lapse rate would not apply. 

---Despite all the possible variables that could be applied to cause polar warmth, the cold winter temperatures depend especially on one variable: the angle of the sun, and the evolutionary model cannot do anything about that for the Cretaceous.

Cold winter temperatures are one of several other conundrums. 

For instance,
Q: why would dinosaurs have even lived there, considering that most scientists believe dinosaurs to have been warm-climate animals? 

Polar dinosaurs have unleashed much speculation on Arctic coping mechanisms.

Q: With long periods of darkness and photosynthesis cut off—and the resulting loss of vegetation—what would they have eaten?

The Creation/Flood model has the most plausible explanation for why

we find polar dinosaurs. 

The most likely explanation is the dinosaurs and the paleoflora were transported northward on Flood currents during the Inundatory Stage of the Flood.

In addition, very thick sediments, well over 10 km thick, are found on the Arctic margin, indicating immense northward erosion and transport of sediment from Alaska, pointing to northward currents at times during the Flood." 

CMI

Soft Tissue in Dinosaurs [PROVES Not Millions of Years Old]

And all flesh died that moved upon the earth,

 both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, 

and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth,

and every man:

Genesis 7:21

"Ask the average layperson how he knows that the earth is millions or billions of years old, and that person will probably mention the dinosaurs, which nearly everybody “knows” died off 65 million years ago.
--A recent discovery by Dr. Mary Schweitzer, however, has given reason for all but committed evolutionists to question this assumption.
Bone slices from the fossilized thigh bone (femur) of a

Tyrannosaurus rex found in the Hell Creek formation of Montana were studied under the microscope by Schweitzer. 

To her amazement, the bone showed what appeared to be blood vessels of the type seen in bone and marrow, and these contained what appeared to be red blood cells with nuclei, typical of reptiles and birds (but not mammals). 

The vessels even appeared to be lined with specialized endothelial cells found in all blood vessels.
Amazingly, the bone marrow contained what appeared to be flexible tissue. 

Initially, some skeptical scientists suggested that bacterial biofilms (dead bacteria aggregated in a slime) formed what only appear to be blood vessels and bone cells. Schweitzer and coworkers found biochemical evidence for intact fragments of the protein collagen, which is the building block of connective tissue. 

This is important because collagen is a highly distinctive protein not made by bacteria. (See Schweitzer’s review article in Scientific American [December 2010, pp. 62–69] titled “Blood from Stone.”)
Q: Is it even remotely plausible that blood vessels, cells, and protein fragments can exist largely intact over 68 million years?

While many consider such long-term preservation of tissue and cells to be very unlikely, the problem is that no human or animal remains are known with certainty to be 68 million years old.
But if creationists are right, dinosaurs died off only 3,000–4,000 years ago.
Q: So would we expect the preservation of vessels, cells, and complex molecules of the type that Schweitzer reports for biological tissues historically known to be 3,000–4,000 years old?
A: The answer is yes.
--Many studies of Egyptian mummies and other humans of this old age (confirmed by historical evidence) show all the sorts of detail Schweitzer reported in her T. rex.
--In addition to Egyptian mummies, the Tyrolean iceman, found in the Alps in 1991 and believed to be about 5,000 years old, shows such incredible preservation of DNA and other microscopic detail.
*We conclude that the preservation of vessels, cells, and complex molecules in dinosaurs is entirely consistent with a young-earth creationist perspective but is highly implausible with the evolutionist’s perspective about dinosaurs that died off millions of years ago."
AIG

Argentine Dinosaurs Undermine Evolutionary Timeline

 And God made the beast of the earth after his kind... 

Genesis 1:25

"Recent articles in Science indicate that the origin of dinosaurs is unknown, and that there are many questions about ‘early’ dinosaurs from the late Triassic. Michael Balter admits:

“But paleontologists are equally concerned with puzzling out how these mighty beasts got their start. Who were their ancestors? … Tracing the origins of the earliest dinosaurs has been a major challenge for paleontologists because there are no uncontested fossils from their earliest days on Earth.”

A new discovery in northwest Argentina, where other late Triassic dinosaurs have been found, suggests weaknesses in existing theories.
The new discovery is of a 1-m-long T. rex-like dinosaur named Eodromaeus murphi, which has added more confusion to the origin of dinosaurs.

Another dinosaur previously found in the area, Eoraptor, was considered one of the earliest theropods, but has now been named as the ancestor of the sauropods! This conclusion is not sitting well with a lot of evolutionists.
This field area is significant.
It contains the supposed representatives of all three major lines of dinosaurs: theropods, sauropods and ornithischians.
This new round of reclassification pushes the origin of dinosaurs back as far as the mid Triassic. Though no fossils of the ancestral dinosaur have been found, paleontologists believe it to have been bipedal. This would require the evolutionary sequence to move from quadruped reptiles to a biped dinosaur ancestor, and then back to the later quadruped dinosaurs. There is no explanation for such changes.
Paleontologists have also found other vertebrates, mainly reptiles, in the rocks of northwest Argentina. Dinosaurs represent only about 10% of the vertebrate fossils. Furthermore, the dinosaur fossils appear, disappear, and then reappear in successive stratigraphic layers. Paleontologists explain this by claiming that the dinosaurs did not outcompete the reptiles but only filled empty niches.

This follows the recent idea of cooperative adaptation rather than the old ‘survival of the fittest’ imagery of evolution.
Fossils in the late Triassic rocks of northwest Argentina are the ‘oldest’ remains yet found on Pangea. The dinosaurs became dominant at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, and reptiles largely disappeared. This suggests that early dinosaur evolution was geographically restricted for about 15 million years, another problem for paleontologists. 

Q: Why did they not migrate sooner to other parts of Pangea?  

If nothing else, this demonstrates that parts of the fossil record remain undiscovered."
CMI

River of Death

And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the
face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: Genesis 7:23

"Paleontologists in Alberta, Canada, have recently unearthed “a mass grave on a monumental scale.” The BBC story speaks of

"Thousands of dinosaurs [that] were buried here, killed in an instant on a day of utter devastation."

Now, a group of palaeontologists have come to Pipestone Creek -appropriately nicknamed the “River of Death”.

In Michael Benton’s paleontology text in the section on dinosaur extinction, he lists “three current models to explain the KPg [Cretaceous-Paleogene or K-T extinction] event.”
These are the impact hypothesis (i.e., the giant asteroid impact supposedly 66 million years ago), the volcanic hypothesis, and the multiple causes hypothesis.
In the multiple causes hypothesis he mentions “evidence of numerous killing agencies, including impact, marine regression [sea level drop], volcanic activity, and changes in climate.” Alas, the most obvious “agency” is not mentioned: a worldwide deluge.

As one can see, any explanation is valid—no matter how outrageous—except the most obvious: a global flood. A section of the BBC article has a most telling title: “A Sudden Devastating Event.” Morelle and Francis state,

“We believe that this was a herd on a seasonal migration that got tangled up in some catastrophic event that effectively wiped out, if

not the entire herd, then a good proportion of it,” Prof [Emily] Bamforth says. All the evidence suggests that this catastrophic event was a flash flood - perhaps a storm over the mountains that sent an unstoppable torrent of water towards the herd, ripping trees from

their roots and shifting boulders. Prof Bamforth says the Pachyrhinosaurus wouldn't have stood a chance. “These animals are not able to move very fast because of their sheer numbers, and they're very top heavy - and really not very good at swimming at all.” Rocks found at the site show the swirls of sediment from the fast-flowing water churning everything up. It’s as if the destruction is frozen in time as a wave in the stone."

Virtually every dinosaur fossil ever found is ensconced in sedimentary or (rarely) volcanic sediments, indicating a sudden and catastrophic deposition. This is particularly true with rich Cretaceous dinosaur beds (e.g., the Lance and Ferris Formations in Wyoming and the Hell Creek Formation in Montana).
Q: So why would paleontologists entertain bizarre extinction explanations such as slipped discs, sunspots, or magnetic reversals? A: Because if a scientist dismisses the global Flood out of hand, then anything goes when trying to explain the dinosaur demise. Anything.
The paleontologists are calling the Canadian mass grave the “River of Death,” but it should more accurately be called “The Flood of Death.”
ICR

Dead Dinosaurs Blood

 For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.

1 Corinthians 3:19

"Fossilized dinosaur cells that defied the ravages of time — 20 years since a key discovery (Nature News and Views, 17 March 2025). 

The Darwin-loyal scientific community is adamant that dinosaurs were wiped out 65 million years ago. ‘Old dead dinosaurs do not bleed,’ they insisted in effect. 

Every part of a dinosaur fossil should have 

long ago been replaced by minerals. 

After so much time, no original tissue could possibly have remained.

Then, in 2005, Dr Mary Schweitzer found stretchy blood vessels inside the femur of a T. rex. Watch the reaction of a Darwin Party reporter and a leading dinosaur paleontologist in this clip from the CBS program 60 Minutes that aired shortly after the discovery was published.

Dr Schweitzer’s discovery was not the first. Other reports of dinosaur soft tissue had been published earlier, but hers was the one that made the biggest media splash. 

Since 2005, numerous other reports have been published. Dr Brian Thomas at ICR keeps a list, now with over 100 entries. 

CEH has been sharing many reports of dinosaur soft tissue since 2005. 

But the Darwinist Deep Time consensus, intent on refuting the soft tissue claims, has tried every possible angle to show that dead dinosaurs do not bleed. They have claimed contamination. They have alleged that biofilms in the bone mimic original dinosaur tissue. They have imagined weird chemistry: anything but believe that that is real, original dinosaur soft tissue. They have run out of options.

----Now, the leading scientific journal is admitting, 20 years late, that dead dinosaurs do bleed.

"Although there had been a number of reports of soft tissues and biomolecular fragments extracted from fossils from the Mesozoic era (252 million to 65 million years ago) and Palaeozoic era (538 million to 252 million years ago), it was a landmark paper published in Science in 2005 by Mary Schweitzer and colleagues that prompted palaeontologists, chemists, geologists, astrobiologists and evolutionary biologists to question previous assumptions about the limitations of the fossil record."

That Nature would “question previous assumptions” on this subject represents the turning of a corner in the history of science. 

Here are some of the admissions author Jasmina Wiemann makes in this article:

*The proteins in the fossil are original, primordial tissue.
“Surprisingly,” this includes “flexible, pliable, and translucent” organic cellular and vascular structures in a fibrous meshwork in tyrannosaur and hadrosaur dinosaur bones.
*The “reported preservation of biomolecules directly contradicted existing decay models.” In other words, the consensus was wrong.
The material includes “remarkable preservation down to the subcellular level” of original tissue.
*The material includes “structures similar to bone cells (osteocytes), blood vessels with surface marks resembling junctions between endothelial cells and containing possible cell nuclei, and patches of fibrous extracellular matrix.”

Schweitzer’s discovery compares well with tissues from a modern ostrich bone, including the response of antibodies to the material.
The soft tissue “may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience”. 

What Schweitzer showed on 60 minutes, eliciting a gasp from Lesley Stahl, was therefore not a trick.
Parts of the “dinosaur protein 3D (quaternary) structure were still intact, able to bind to antibodies ....”

The reaction? “This 2005 paper and follow-up investigations were met with both excitement and scepticism across the sciences,” Wiemann writes. 

They didn’t want to believe it. 

They couldn’t imagine it. 

It seemed impossible.

"Biochemists discussed whether protein fragments and their 3D structures could survive over such a long period of time, especially when they had been exposed to temperatures above 40 °C in the Hell Creek Formation that would be expected to cause protein degradation."

It was easier to just ignore this evidence.

Dead dinosaurs do not bleed, everyone knows, but dinosaurs dead for 65 to 252 million years should not even have any soft tissue evidence left (blood or blood vessels) to show that they were capable of bleeding when alive." 

CEH

Mud Dragon & the Flood

And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of

every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man:

Genesis 7:21

"Evolutionary scientists recently announced another spectacular dinosaur discovery. They nicknamed this one the Mud Dragon because it seems it died buried in mud.

This is the sixth oviraptor-like dinosaur unearthed from the Ganzhou area of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. The Chinese name for this poor creature is Tongtianlong limosus or “muddy dragon on the road to heaven” due to its unusual posture.

T. limosus was found nearly complete and still articulated with its arms outstretched and head raised. Although the specimen was discovered by a farmer and construction workers, it was still partially encased in a muddy substrate when paleontologists studied it. Unfortunately, it suffered some damage from dynamite used in excavation.
“This new dinosaur is one of the most beautiful, but saddest fossils I’ve ever seen,” says Stephen Brusette, one of the co-authors.

Despite lack of evidence, the Scientific Reports article also claims that oviraptorid dinosaurs, like T.

limosus, had feathers. Even most modern, artist renderings of these dinosaurs show them covered in feathers. 

Q: Why do secular paleontologists insist oviraptorids had feathers?

Brian Thomas, ICR Science Writer, explains, “In 2007 scientists claimed to have identified quill knobs on a Velociraptor fossil. Since then, secular researchers have interpreted quill knobs for other similar dinosaurs.”
Thomas continues, “But what if the first identification of Velociraptor quill knobs was wrong? Last, tiny bone bumps have more uses than just anchoring feathers. They sometimes mark attachment points for connective tissue.”

Oviraptorids, like the newly discovered T. limosus, have never been found with any real evidence for feathers. Secular scientists inferred them from the presence of ambiguous data like quill bumps found on a completely different species of dinosaur.  

Dinosaurs were not birds and show no evidence of evolving into birds. Dinosaur brain shapes and many bone structures do not resemble birds. Dinosaurs and birds were created separately by God during Creation Week. No undisputed transitional fossils between dinosaurs and birds exist anywhere.

Finally, why are secular scientists so awed by the muddy burial and unusual and posture of T. limosus?  Their only explanation is that this dinosaur must have

become stuck in the mud, struggled, and died with its head raised. Lü and co-authors explain in their paper, “It is difficult to interpret what biological and/or taphonomic processes caused this strange posture.”

They may be better off admitting that this posture is nearly impossible for an animal struggling in mud. 

Q: How could a six-foot dinosaur get mired in the mud in the first place? 

Q: And how could neck and head remain raised after it died?

Catastrophic burial during a global Flood event offers a better explanation of this dinosaur and its unusual posture. Although it’s difficult for secular science to explain this discovery, it’s easy to imagine a small dinosaur being encased in a mud-rich debris flow during the Flood,

knocked flat by the force of the flow, raising its head trying to gulp one last breath of air before suffocating in a muddy tomb. In this scenario, it’s easy to see how the dinosaur’s head was preserved in a raised position as the mud catastrophically enveloped the animal, preserving the posture as it gulped for air.
The Flood still offers the best explanation of the fossils we find all over the world. Rapid burial in watery sediment is virtually the only way to make a fossil. God’s Word explains that dinosaurs and birds were created as separate kinds, fully-formed as dinosaurs and fully-formed as birds. This dinosaur’s last breath gives testament to the truth of Genesis." 

ICR

Hong Kong "Surprise"

All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died. Genesis 7:22

"The recent discovery of the first dinosaur fossils in Hong Kong came as a surprise to evolutionary paleontologists. It was totally unexpected since most of the rocks in Hong Kong are volcanic in origin. And volcanic rocks usually destroy bones, not preserve them.
“It’s shocking, because I never thought there would be dinosaur fossils in Hong Kong,” said Chong Got while looking at the new dinosaur bones on display at Hong Kong’s Heritage Discovery Center.
*Michael Pittman, a dinosaur paleobiologist at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, said, Conventional scientists believe the bones were originally buried in sand and gravel, became exposed due to a flood, and then were transported and reburied in their present location.
*But Flood geologists are not surprised by this discovery. 
Recall how surprised conventional paleontologists were when the first discovery of dinosaurs was announced in Ireland in 2021. Again, there weren’t supposed to be dinosaurs there either since they were found in ocean-derived sediments mixed with marine fossils. However, dinosaurs in marine rocks seems to be a global phenomenon.
The common thread in all these dinosaur discoveries is water deposition. 

"Hong Kong is famous for being a built-up landscape, but half of it is country park. In the countryside areas, most of what you see are dinosaur-era rocks, but it’s volcanic rocks—and they are bad places to find fossils, because fossils just melt."

Most, if not all, dinosaurs are found in sedimentary rocks laid down by water at similar levels across the globe, including China. And the best source of water to explain these worldwide occurrences is the global Flood described in Genesis. 

--These so-called Cretaceous rocks at Hong Kong were deposited as the Flood water was approaching its peak level, likely close to Day 150 of the Flood. 

--Dinosaurs became entombed in mud and sand as their entire ecosystem was being destroyed by the advancing waves. At that point, a lot of volcanic activity was occurring across the world, too.

This global Flood interpretation also provides the “flood” needed to transport and bury the bones at Port Island, Hong Kong.

The Genesis Flood provides the best explanation for finding dinosaurs buried at about the same level and in the particular types of rocks across all of the continents. 

Only those who don’t accept the Bible as literal history are surprised." 

ICR

Spotting Darwinian Circular Reasoning, Tautology & Non-Sequiturs

 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,... 

Romans 1:22

"Fossils of giant sea lizard show how our oceans have fundamentally changed since the dinosaur era (University of Bath, 5 March 2024). A “nightmarish” mosasaur the size of an orca has been found at a

phosphate mine south of Casablanca, Morocco. Researchers claim it lived 66 million Darwin Years ago. 

Q: Do the evolutionary scientists know why there were so many top predators in the ocean when dinosaurs were roaming the land? 

Dr Nick Longrich of the University of Bath answers

“Modern ecosystems have predators like baleen whales and dolphins that eat small prey, and not many things eating large prey. The Cretaceous has a huge number of marine reptile species that take large prey. Whether there’s something about marine reptiles that caused the ecosystem to be different, or the prey, or perhaps the environment, we don’t know”

Dinosaur-age ‘nightmarish’ sea lizard fossil found (BBC News, 5 March 2024). The BBC News echoes what the evolutionary

paleontologists say about this mosasaur, and about relationships between mosasaurs and living representatives today. It seems unbelievable; they are so different. “Khinjaria acuta is a member of a family of giant marine lizards known as mosasaurs, distant relatives of today’s Komodo dragons and anacondas.” 

---Neither press release explains how mosasaurs “emerged” and why their relatives became forked-tongued dragons and snakes on land after the alleged impact that killed off all the dinosaurs and marine predators.

Study of slowly evolving ‘living fossils’ reveals key genetic insights

(Yale News, 4 March 2024). Another “slowly evolving” animal is described in this article from Yale University: the gar.

"The study, published in the journal Evolution, shows that gars — an ancient group of ray-finned fishes that fit the definition of a living fossil — have the slowest rate of molecular evolution among all jawed vertebrates, meaning their genome changes more slowly than those of other animals."

But then they allege that “gars’ slow rate of molecular evolution has stymied their rate of speciation,” which sounds like either circular reasoning or a tautology. 

Q: If they had a fast rate of molecular evolution, would they have more speciation? 

A: Well, duh. With this logic, Chase Brownstein, a graduate student inductee into the Darwin Party, waxes eloquent about all the understanding he is getting in evolution class. He thinks his work might cure cancer some day.

“Our paper shows that living fossils aren’t simply strange accidents of history but provide a fundamental demonstration of the evolutionary process in nature,” Brownstein said. “It shows that analyzing patterns in living fossils’ evolutionary history might have implications for our own story. It not only helps us better understand the planet’s biodiversity, but potentially could one day be applied to medical research and improve human health.”

It’s not improving his mental health so far. 

A non-evolving fish is helping him understand the evolutionary process, and this might help his doctor? 

Q: Ever hear of a non-sequitur?" 

CEH

Non-Sequitur---an inference that does not follow from the premises.
Tautology---the saying of the same thing twice in different words, generally considered to be a fault of style.
Circular reasoning---a logical fallacy that assumes what it tries to prove.

Intact Dinosaur guts and face

 First, guts and facial skin would not last intact 80,000,000 years, or even a million for that matter,

Second, could the reason be that most of their bones are found "jumbled up" be from And the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. Genesis 7:12

"In 2011, archaeologists uncovered one of the most - if not the most - pristine dinosaur fossils yet: a near-whole ankylosaur, complete

with its jagged spikes, most of its limbs, armor coating, and some of its guts and stomach contents. The most amazing detail, though? Its uncannily preserved face and skin.
These ones remained in their natural spots, however, and Brown measured all 172 of them.
“Many armored dinosaur skeletons are preserved disarticulated, meaning their bones are all jumbled up,” Brown told Ars. “Having the osteoderms preserved in life position in this specimen, and other specimens, can give us clues as to how to reconstruct those specimens where the position of the armor is less clear.” 

OrganicallyHuman